1

People, things, pronouns, all usually led by an article 

2

modifying the verb or subject in some way. auxillary verbs if the verb is intransitive like 'to be' ( i am going)  adjectives (color etc)

3

if trasitive verb, object of that here( he kicked the bucket), auxillary and modal  helping verbs ( should go, will come) infinitive with a 4 buffer

4

'to', 'for,' physical causation

5

'with', 'of', style; manner of doing, 'through,' mental causation

6

'in', 'at', locations, locations in time

7

epistemic quantifiers: 'therefore';, temporal aspect: 'finally'; 'soon'; 'next', adverbs: 'quickly', 'slowly'  quantity: 'very' 'certainly'  negations: 'not' "?"

8

and, but, ", "